Interior Design Professional Certificate

Program Description

Using CorelDraw, Adobe Photoshop CS2, AutoCAD, 3D Studio Max and Maya 3D software train for a new career in Interior and architectural design.  You can learn to combine form and function to transform public and personal spaces into habitats people will love to be part of.

Course Curriculum

CorelDraw

This course begins from starting the CorelDraw Program and covers its powerful features used to create professional graphics. How to add basic drawing elements and text to the page, how to modify those elements and then edit and color are covered in the exercises. You are then taken through some of the special effects that can be applied to graphics and text. The creative aspect of making flyers, logos, letterheads, visiting cards and other professional artwork is also covered.

PHASE - I

1) How to Start the CorelDraw program

2) Introduction to the CorelDraw program, Menu bar & Drawing Toolbox

3) Overview of Drawing tools

  a) Freehand Tool

  b) Rectangle Tool

  c) Ellipse Tool

  d) Polygon, Spiral & Graph Paper Tools

4) Editing the object

  a) Deleting, Moving, Scaling, Rotating & Skewing

  b) Shape Tool 

  c) Knife Tool

  d) Erase Tool

  e) Smudge Tool

  f) Roughen Tool 

5) How to combine two lines

6) Learn to use Transformation (Mirror) of object and combine it

7) Learn to use Transformation (Rotation), to make a flower 

8) Live Demos

  a) Live Demo- How to make a Heart

  b) Live Demo- How to make a Plane

  c) Live Demo- How to make a Hand

 d) Live Demo- How to make a Heartleaf

PHASE - II

1) Differentiate Mode of Color

2) Color Fill Tool:-

 a) Fill Color

 b) Fountain Fill

 c) Pattern Fill

 d) Texture Fill

 e) PostScript Fill

 f) No Fill

 g) Color Docker Window

3) Outline Tool:-

 a) Outline Pen

 b) Outline Color

 c) No Outline

 d) Outline Thickness

4) Arrange Menu

 a) Order

 b) Group

 c) Convert to curve

 d) Convert Outline to object

5) Edit Menu

 a) Delete

 b) Symbol

 c) Duplicate

 d) Clone

 e) Copy Properties From

6) View Menu

 a) Simple Wireframe 

 b) Wireframe

 c) Normal

 d) Enhanced

PHASE III

1) Interactive Tool:-

 a) Interactive Blending Tool

 b) Interactive Blending Tool

 c) Interactive Contour Tool

 d) Interactive Contour Tool

 e) Interactive Distortion Tool

 f) Interactive Envelope Tool

 g) Interactive Extrude Tool

2) Interactive Extrude Tool

 a) Interactive Drop Shadow

 b) Interactive Fill Tool

 c) Interactive Mesh Fill

 e) Interactive Transparency

3) Eyedropper Tool & Paintbucket Tool

4) Artistic Media Tool

5) View Menu

6) Designing an Advertisement layout.

7) Designing a Greeting Card with proper measurements & Color effects.

PHASE IV

1) Layout Menu

2) Text Menu 

3) Live demo : Advertisement Layout with proper measurements. 

4) Arrange Menu

 a) Shaping - Weld, Trim, Intersect, Simplify, Front Minus Back, Back Minus

Front.

 b) Close path

 c)  Convert outline to object

5)  Live demo: To make a Logo.

6) Effects Menu

 a)  Lens

 b) Powerclip

 c) Add Perspective

 d) Rollover

7) Bitmap Menu

8) Live Demo: Packet / Box Designing

9) Designing a Visiting Card

10) Designing a Letterhead

Photoshop

Adobe Photoshop CS2software, the professional image-editing standard and leader of the digital imaging line, delivers more of what you crave. Groundbreaking creative tools help you achieve extraordinary results. Unprecedented adaptability lets you custom-fit Photoshop to the way you work. And with more efficient editing, processing, and file handling, there's no slowing you down.

PHASE - I

Introduction

1) What is Photoshop?

  a) New in Photoshop CS2

  b) System Requirements 

  c) RAM Requirements

 d) Digital Tablets and Mice

2) Interface

 a) The Welcome Screen

 b) Color Spaces

 c) Document Window

  d) The Toolbox

 e) Menus

  f) Palettes

  g) Options Bar 

  h) Shortcuts

  i) Getting Assistance 

  j) Workplaces 

3) Adobe Bridge 

  a) Adobe bridge 

  b) metadata

  c) Keywords and ranking 

  d) Adobe Stock Photos pt. 1 

  e) Adobe Stock Photos pt. 2

4) Documents 

  a) Document Seatings 

  b) Image size & Resolution 

 c) Resizing Documents 

  d) Canvas size 

  e) Undo and steeping 

  g) Raster vs. Vector

  h) Dragging and Dropping

5) Cropping

  a) Crop Tool

  b) Crop and Rotate

  c) Crop Perspective

6) Navigation

  a) Navigation and Viewing

7) Color Tools

  a) Color Palettes

  b) Creating Swatches

  c) Color Picker and Eyedropper

PHASE - II 

8) Selections

  a) Selection Tools

  b) Marquees and Strokes

  c) Magic Wand

  d) Lasso Tools

  e) Pasting Into and Inverting

  f) Feathering and Anti-aliasing

  g) Adding and Subtracting

  h) Saving and Loading

9) Masks

  b) Understanding Masks

  c) Clipping Masks

  d) Quick Mask

  e) Layer Masks

10) Type

  a) The Type Tools

  b) Fonts and Colors

  c) Type on a Path

  d) Type as a Mask

  e) Editing and Rasterizing

11) Layers

  a) How Layers Work

  b) Add / Delete / Merge

  c) Layer Options

  d) Opacity and Fills

  e) Blend Modes pt. 1

  f) Blend Modes pt. 2

  g) Layer Comps

  h) Adjustment Layers

  i) Layer Styles

12) Painting

  a) Painting Tools

  b) Gradients

  c) Dodge / Burn / Sponge

  d) Smudge / Sharpen / Blur

  e) The Eraser Tools

  f) Defining Patterns

13) Brushes

  a) Defining a Brush

  b) Brush Dynamics

14) Drawing

  a) The Pen and Paths

  b) Editing Paths

  c) Clipping Paths

  d) Vector Shapes

15) a) Filters and Effects

  b) Filters Explained

  c) Filter Gallery

  d) Blurs

  e) Textures

  f) Lighting Effects

  g) Smart Sharpen

  h) Drop Shadows

  i) Styles

  j) Lens Blur

  k) Liquefy pt. 1

  l) Liquefy pt. 2

16) a) Transformation Tools

  b) Transform

  c) Free Transform

  d) Warping

  e) Arbitrary Rotation

17) f) Smart Objects

  g) Smart Objects pt. 1

  h) Smart Objects pt. 2

18) a) Guides and Annotation

  b) Guides

  c) Notes/Audio Annotation

19) a) Camera Raw

  b) Camera Raw

 PHASE - III 

20) a) Color Correction

  b) Histogram

  c) Curves

  d) Replace Color

  e) Variations

  f) Levels

  g) Matching Color

  h) Red Eye

21) a) Retouching

  b) Retouching Tools

  c) Clone Stamp

  d) Clone with Two Images

  e) Patch Tool

  f) Healing

  g) Dust and Scratches

22) a) History

  b) History

  c) Art History Brush

  d) History Brush

23) a) Vanishing Point

  b) Vanishing Point pt. 1

  c) Vanishing Point pt. 2

24) a) Channels

  b) The Channels Palette

  c) Alpha Channels

25) a) Actions

  b) Recording Actions

26) a) Automation

  b) Batch Rename

  c) PDF Presentation

  d) Droplets

  e) Contact Sheets

  f) Picture Package

  g) Web Photo Gallery

  h) Photomerge

27) a) Saving and Exporting

  b) Saving Documents

  c) Flattening

  d) Exporting to Illustrator

  e) PDF 

  f) Using in 3D Applications

28) a) Scanning

  b) Scanning in Artwork

29) a) Output

  b) Printing

  c) File Formats

30) a) Web Preparation

  b) The Slice Tool

  c) Slice Options

  d) Save for Web

  e) Optimizing Graphics

  f) Browsers and FTP

31) a) Resources

  b) Magazines

  c) Websites

32) a) Project: Franken-ducky!

  b) Re-coloring / Distortion

  c) Stock Photos

  d) Adding Scars

  e) Adding Bolts

  f) Creating Lightning

  g) The Background

  h) Angry Mob

  i) Angry Fire

  j) Making a Reflection

  k) Adding Vintage Text

  l) Final Composition

33) a) Conclusion

  b) Wrap Up

AutoCAD

AutoCAD is the most powerful and the most popular AUTOMATIC COMPUTER AIDED Drafting Program. We want to help you unlock AutoCAD's power to do your designing and drafting work, quickly and easily.

PHASE - I

Lesson 1

1) System and Line Commands

 How to Operate Mouse and Keyboard

 How to Draw Line manually

 How to Line Using Measurements With Formula [(@)measurements<angle)] 

2) Working with objects

  How to Select Object snap

  Auto Tracking and Polar Tracking

  Erase the objects created using different Methods

3) Drawing different shapes

  Different types of Arcs, Construction Lines

 Circles, Rectangles, Polygons

  Ellipse, Multi-lines, Poly-lines, Points

  Points Style and Spline and Line weight.

4) Using files

  Open a no. of Files simultaneously using various Techniques

  PHASE - II 

5 Modifiers

  Modifiers like Offset, Extend, Trim, Move Copy

  Mirror, Rotate, Scale Stretch, Chamfer, Fillet 

  Array, Line type, Line Weight, Color etc.

  Modify Properties dialog box and Change Properties.

6) Dimension

  Dimension Style and Quick Dimension

  Dimension Variables, Dimension Edit.

7) Inserting and Editing Text

  Text, Mtext, Text Style, Text Edit

8) AutoCAD Design Center

  Units, Drawing Limits, Grid Spacing, Snap and Co-ordinates. etc

9) Drawing Multi-lines

  Multiline with Width

  Multiline Style, Multiline Edit.

10) Applying Hatch

  Hatch

  Edit Hatch

11) Applying Layers

  Creating Different Layers

  Using Colors

  Applying Filters like Lock, Unlock, Thaws

12) Drawing Polylines

  Polyline With Width

  Polyline Edit

  PHASE - III 

13) Elevating objects and applying Thickness

  Elevation

  Thickness

14) 3D Co-ordinate System

  Use of UCS and Measurements

  3-D Face.

15) Rendering and Materials

  Rendering

  Use of Material Library

16) Lights

  Different Kind of Lights

  Rendering Outputs

17) Surface, Solid, Boolean (Union, Subtraction, Intersection)

  Solid Edit, 3d-Orbit, Shading.

18) Applying Background, Images to Trace

19) Plotting 

20) External Database.

21) Exporting file from AutoCAD to 3d studio.

3D Studio Max

Achieve stunning results in less time with Autodesk 3ds Max software. Accelerate your creative workflow and increase your pipeline efficiency with enhanced animation and rendering tools. 3ds Max takes advantage of the latest technology advancements, such as 64-bit workstations, to help you work with ever-increasing amounts of data and more-complex scenes.

Autodesk 3ds Max provides dramatic improvements in display performance and complexity management required by next-generation production pipelines. It also includes significant rendering enhancements for architectural professionals. From the greatly expanded boundaries of the first-ever 64-bit release of 3ds Max to the newly integrated hair-styling interface, 3ds Max artists have more options, better performance, and greater flexibility than ever before.

PHASE - I

Lesson 1

1) Introduction to 3D Studio Max

 a) Salient features and applications

 b) Orthographic and Perspective view

2) Toolbar & Menu bar

 a) Learning the main toolbar

 b) Using the Command Panel

 c) Using the Function Panels

 d) Using Additional Interface Controls

 e) Using the Time Controls

 f) Learning from the Status Bar and the Prompt Line

 g) Interacting with the Interface

 h) Using the Asset Manager Utility

 i) Using the Pull-Down Menus

 j) File Menu

 k) Displaying Scene Information

 l) Viewing Files

 m) The Edit Menu and Tools Menu

 n) The Group Menu and Views Menu

 o) The Rendering Menu and the Track View Menu

 p) Using the Tab Panel

3) Working with Primitive Objects

 a) Using Keyboard Entry for Precise Dimensions

 b) Altering Object Parameters

 c) Primitive Object types

 d) Extended Primitives

4) Spline Shapes

 a) Drawing in 2D

 c) Understanding Spline Primitives

 d) Making Splines Renderable

 e) Editing Vertices, Segments, Spline Sub objects

 f) Controlling Spline Geometry

PHASE - II

  Lesson 2

5) Creating Patches

 a) Introducing Patch Grids

 b) Editing Patches

 c) Converting to an Editable Patch

 d) Editing Patch Sub-Objects and Modifying Patches

6) NURBS

 a) Understanding NURBS Curves and Surfaces

 b) Creating and Editing NURBS

7) Modifying Objects

 a) Using the Modify Panel

 b) Modifying Object Parameters

 c) Exploring Modifier Types

 d) Working with the Modifier Stack

 e) Copying Modifiers

 f) Collapsing the stack

 g) Modifying Sub objects

8) a) Meshes

 b) Parametric versus Non-Parametric

 c) Creating an editable Mesh Object

 d) Editing a Mesh Objectt

 e) Editing Vertices and Edges

 f) Editing Face, Polygon and Element Sub-Objects

 g) Modifying Meshes

9) a) Loft Objects

 b) Creating a Loft Object

 c) Using the Get Shape and Get Path Buttons

 d) Controlling Loft Parameters and setting Skin Parameters

 e) Using Deformations

 f) Modifying Loft Sub objects

10) a) Compound Objects

 b) Understanding Compound Object types

 c) Modeling with Boolean Objects

 d) Morphing Objects

 e) Creating different Objects

PHASE III

Lesson 3

11) a) Exploring the Material Editor

 b) Understanding Material properties

 c) Working with the Material Editor

 d) Using the Sample Slots

 e) Applying and using Standard Materials

 f) Extended Parameters

 g) Dynamic Properties

 h) Using different Materials

12) a) Using Material Maps

 b) Understanding Maps and Material Map Types

 c) Common Parameters

 d) 2D Maps

 e) Compositors and Color Modifiers

 f) Reflection and Refraction

 g) The Maps Rollout

 h) Creating new materials, Animating materials and applying multiple materials

13) a) Lights

 b) Basics of Lighting

 c) Understanding Light types

 d) Viewing a scene from a light

 e) Altering Light Parameters

 f) Lighting special effects

 g) Using Volume lights, Projector Maps and Ray traced Shadows

14) a) Cameras

 b) Understanding Cameras

 c) Creating Camera Object and a Camera View

 d) Camera Viewport Controls

 e) Setting Camera Parameters

 f) Aiming a Camera

15) a) Particle Systems

 b) Understanding the Various Particle Systems

 c) Creating a Particle System

 d) Setting Particle Parameters

 e) Using Particle Parameter Systems

16) a) Using Space Warps

 b) Creating and Binding Space Warps

 c) Space Warp Types

 d) Particles and Dynamics

PHASE IV

Lesson 4

17) a) Animation Basics

 b) Using the animate button

 c) Working with keys

 d) Controlling time

 e) Using the Motion Command Panel

 f) Animating Objects

18) a) Working with the Track View

 b) Track View modes

 c) Working with keys

 d) Using Visibility Tracks and the Level of Detail Utility

 e) Editing Time

 f) Working with Curves and Tangents

 g) Filtering Tracks

 h) Working with Controllers

 i) Synchronizing to a Sound Track

19) a) Working with Backgrounds, Environments and Atmospheric Effects

 b) Creating an Environment and defining the Rendered Environment 

 c) Using Atmospheric Apparatus Gizmos

 d) Creating Atmospheric Effects

20) a) Setting Rendering Parameters

 b) Understanding MAX Renderers

 c) Working with Previews

 d) Render Parameters

 e) Scalene A-Buffer Renderer

 f) Rendering preferences and Render types

21) a) Using the Video Post Interface

 b) Understanding Post-Production

 c) Using Video Post Dialog Box

 d) Adding, Editing and using Events

 e) Working with Ranges and Lens Effects Filters 

MAYA

Create engaging and lifelike digital images, realistic animations, and extraordinary visual effects with
Autodesk Maya 3D modeling, animation, and rendering software. Whether you are a film or video artist, game developer, graphic artist, design visualization professional, or 3D enthusiast, Autodesk Maya helps you realize your creative ideas.

Create breathtaking 3D with Autodesk Maya software. Quickly direct and control cloth in entirely new ways with Maya Cloth. Use Python, one of the two Maya embedded scripting languages, to manipulate, customize and automate Maya. Maya also delivers Intel-based Macintosh computer support and productivity-enhancing tools that let you complete complex animation tasks faster.

PHASE - I

Lesson 1

1) Maya Modeling

a) Creating primitive objects 

b) Moving Objects in the 3D Space 

c) Maya View Tools

d) Layouts, Saved Layouts and saving shelf 

e) Channel Box and Manipulators

f) Grouping and Parenting

g) Spline Modeling

2) About Nurbs (Non-uniform rational B-spline)

a) Creating Curve and Surfaces

b) Attaching and closing Surfaces

c) Duplicating curves

d) Lofting and revolving surfaces 

e) Procedural Modeling 

3) Invigorator

a) Fast work of importing Adobe Illustrator, Lightwave, OBJ, 3ds files into Maya for text and Logo treatments. 

4) Rendering Overview

a) What is rendering 

b) How Maya renders

c) Shader Networks

d) Shading Groups

e) Materials

f) Lights

g) Maya architecture

i) Nodes and Attributes

ii) Hyper Graph

iii) IPR (Interactive Photo realistic Rendering)

iv) Hyper shade v) Outliner 

5) Lighting

a) Type of lights – usage of each, techniques for each 

b) Light Linking 

c) New linking to Objects (and sets) workflow

d) Reason for light linking – matching live footage lighting

e) Light attributes – What you’re adjusting and why – show manipulators

f) Light Fog

g) Intensity Curves

h) Lip Sync 

Lesson 2

6) Shadows

a) Depth map

b) What

c) When and Why to use

d) Reuse / Share depth maps 

e) Ray traced 

f) What, When and why to use 

g) Shadow Techniques (For realism and Optimization)

h) Adding hard or soft shadows to a scene

i) Shafts of Light – light fog 

j) Trouble – shooting section for shadow problems

6) Motion Blur

7) OptiFX Techniques and Tips

a) Occlusion – as applies to light glow 

b) Auto – exposure – as applies to Shader Glow 

8) Rendering Performance

a) Selective Ray tracing 

b) Multithreaded tile – based batch renderer concepts 

c) Renderer 

9) General Animation 

a) Powerful Key framing Tools

b) Key framing

c) First Cut, copy and paste of animated objects in the timeline

d) Animation play blast for rapid review of complex scenes 

e) Path Animation 

f) Animate an object along a curve or surface

g) Edit path or other animation parameters during playback 

h) Set Driven Key

i) Establish Relationships where one action automatically drives another 

j) Dope sheet

j) Rapid and intuitive global editing of key frame timing 

k) Channel Box

l) Quickly edit an Object’s attributes, one or more fields at a time 

m) Graph Editor

n) Precise Controlling on animated parameter changes over time 

10) Generalized Constraints 

a) Comprehensive assortment of constraints 

Lesson 1

1) Organic Modeling

a) Editing Control Vertices (CV)

b) NURBS Boolean - i) Apply subtraction, intersect and union Operations across multiple NURBS surfaces

c) Round - i)Create rounded bevels of constant radius on any NURBS object

d) Surface Offset - i) Create new surfaces, offset from original specific value. ii) Working with trimmed or untrimmed surfaces

e) Enhanced Extrude - i) Scale and Rotation Control for extruding a curve along a path

f) Square - i) Create NURBS from up to 4 curves

g) Global Stitching - i) Stitching multiple adjoining surfaces together with full continuity

h) Subdivision of Surfaces

i) Maya Artisan

j) Artisan’s natural brush interface to interactivity sculpt and Paint attributes on polygons and NURBS or add objects to surfaces

j) Dependency Graph

k) Nodes, Attributes

l) Connections

m) Hierarchies and Dependencies

n) Shading group nodes

o) Deformation Tools

p) Lattices

q) Sculpt Object

r) Wires

Lesson 2

2) Dynamics

a) Rigid Body Dynamics

b) Realistic high speed simulation of multiple rigid objects

c) Dynamic Constraints such as nails, hinges, barriers, pins and springs 

d) Soft Body Dynamics

e) Simulation of flexible objects

f) Creation of secondary motion effects like muscle jiggles, floppy hats etc

g) Powerful Spring architecture

h) Extensible Integrated Particle System

i) Powerful integrated particle system with expression based control over

j) particle attributes, motion and dynamics

k) Rotation, scaling, translation or parenting

l) Manipulating particle, fields and emitters

o) Textured control of particle emission

m) Geometry instancing on single or cycling geometry onto any particle

n) Particle collision

o) Particle Time Control

p) Precise key frame control by adjusting the base timing for each individual

q) particle object effect

r) Fields 

s) Applying fields like gravity, vortex, air, turbulence etc.

t) Custom fields via extensive dynamics API

u) ClipFX

v) Library of ready – made effects like fire, curve and surface flow, shatter,

w) fireworks and lighting 

3) Software Particle Rendering 

4) Hardware Rendering 

5) Maya Paint Effects using 3D studio Paint (basics)

a) Powerful Painting Techniques

b) Flickering flames

c) Making Ropes

d) Making Cities

e) And many more

f) Paint Effects brushes

g) Natural Media Brushes

h) Effects Brushes

i) Brush Attributes

j) Rendering Paint Effects

k) Visor 

6) Character Animation

a) Character Set up 

b) Pose Based Characters 

c) Skeletons and Inverse Kinematics (IK) 

d) Skinning 

e) Advance Layered Deformations 

f) Integrated sound Synchronization 

g) Integrated Motion Capture Concepts 

h) Rigging with scripting 

1) Maya Cloth

a) Create any Fashion in any Fabric 

b) Animate any Fabric object 

c) Unique Solver 

d) Integration with Maya 

2) Maya Fur

a) Artisan User Interface

b) Using Artisan to paint fur

c) Using the Artisan brush to comb the hair

d) Multiple Fur Type

e) Using Multiple fur types

f) Assigning Attributes to fur

g) Applying Texture on the fur

h) Animating Fur

i) Fur Rendering

3) Hair Effects

4) Match Moving Using Maya Live

a) Match 3D Elements with Live action shots

b) Extract an exact duplicate of the original camera from live action footage to

c) precisely match the original motion and seamlessly blend live action and CG

d) elements

e) Camera movement support 

f) 2D tracking

g) Tolerant of noisy tracking observations

h) Bi-directional tracking

i) Different Solvers for different Problems

j) Interactive root frame solver for complete interaction with the camera 

k) extraction process

l) Automated comprehensive solver with exclusive Inverse Computer

Graphics

m) Reconstructing Live action elements as 3D Geometry

n) Placing Maya 3D Locators in the 3D positions to easily constructing scene

o) geometry and precisely position 3D objects relative to the live action scene.

HARDWARE & SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:

-       You can be a PC user to take our courses. You'll need a Pentium II with Internet connection and a web browser (Internet Explorer 4.0 or higher).

-       Basic dial-up Internet access is adequate but a high speed connection is recommended.

-       Depending upon the course taken by you, you can either download the free trail versions of the software from the respective sites (the links of which are displayed on our webpages of that particular course) or you can purchase the software from the respective software sites.

Required Materials:

-       We do not suggest you buy any textbooks. Our courses have been developed by a team of designers, educators, writers and programmers with more than 16 years of combined experience. So the courses are really like textbooks themselves. We also give you notes in the form of PDF files.

Instructor Interaction and Grading:

-       Interacting with Instructors is one of the most important aspects of our training. We offer multiple opportunities for interaction, such as email, chat rooms, and a virtual bulletin board for student comments. We will also be sending a newsletter on an ongoing basis and there is also an online portfolio area. Your queries and mails will be attended to instantly.

-       The lectures and instructions are based on asynchronous learning models, and have removed the limits normally associated with real-time learning. You need not schedule specific hours of the day, where you must sit in front of the computer. Rather, you can learn at your own convenience.

-       All Notes & Assignments are turned in as PDF files posted in our members section and student-instructor interaction takes place via e-mail or chat. Teaching is highly interactive, with ongoing feedbacks, assessments, evaluation, monitoring & projects.

-       We have a grading policy of - A, B, C grades awarded to the student based on the evaluation of the student’s progress and other related qualities. The project plays an important role in the Grading.

-       On an average, a student is expected to spend MINIMUM 10 hours PER WEEK. For Example- To complete a course of 80 sessions it would take approximately 8 weeks. But you could spend more time per week and complete your course earlier.

-       You cannot skip or jump to another course before completing the previous one. The reason being we evaluate your performance and the course is designed in a very structured and systematic way, to make you understand every feature of that particular topic.